China test-fired a nuclear-capable ballistic missile from a submarine in the Pacific Ocean on Monday, July 6, state media reported. The missile, carrying a dummy warhead, was launched at 12:01 p.m. Beijing time and landed in a designated area, according to Xinhua News Agency. China described the test as part of routine annual military training and stated it was not directed at any specific country or target.
Regional Reactions
Australia, New Zealand, and Japan expressed concerns over the test. Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong called it "destabilizing" and noted it occurred amid China's rapid military buildup. New Zealand's Foreign Minister Winston Peters said the test was "unwelcome" and highlighted that it took place within the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone, established by the 1986 Treaty of Rarotonga. Japan also voiced grave concern over increased Chinese military activity.
Context and Background
The test marks China's first known submarine-based missile launch in decades and follows a similar test in 2024. It comes as China expands its nuclear deterrent, with the Pentagon reporting near-continuous patrols by its Jin-class ballistic missile submarines. The launch occurred hours after Australia and Fiji signed a new defense treaty, the "Oceans of Peace" alliance, aimed at countering Chinese influence in the Pacific.
China's Stance
China maintained that the test complied with international law and practice. It notified relevant countries in advance, including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Papua New Guinea. The test was part of China's annual military exercise season, which peaks from July to September.
Broader Implications
The test has raised questions about China's military intentions in the Pacific, particularly in light of its ratification of the Treaty of Rarotonga, which prohibits nuclear weapons testing in the region. Some sources speculated that the timing of the test, coinciding with the Australia-Fiji defense pact, could signal a response to regional alliances.