Health officials in Suffolk County, New York, have reported three probable cases of tularemia, also known as "rabbit fever," on Long Island. The Suffolk County Department of Health stated that laboratory testing is required to confirm the cases, a process that may take several weeks.
The department emphasized that confirmation of a tularemia diagnosis requires both laboratory testing and fulfillment of specific clinical or epidemiologic criteria. As of the latest update, no cases have been officially confirmed.
Tularemia is a rare, potentially serious bacterial illness caused by Francisella tularensis, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The disease is not spread from person to person but can be transmitted through:
- Tick and deer fly bites that have fed on infected animals, including wild rabbits, hares, muskrats, and rodents.
- Handling infected animal tissue, such as skinning or eviscerating rabbits.
- Inhaling contaminated dust or aerosols.
- Drinking contaminated water.
The illness is more commonly reported in males and typically occurs between May and September. Since 2019, fewer than 200 cases have been reported annually in the U.S., per CDC data.
Symptoms of tularemia vary depending on how the bacteria enter the body but may include:
- Fever and chills
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Skin ulcers (if the bacteria enter through a cut or bite)
- Pneumonia-like symptoms (if inhaled)
Health officials are urging residents to take precautions, particularly in areas with high tick activity. Preventive measures include:
- Using insect repellent containing DEET.
- Wearing long sleeves and pants when outdoors.
- Avoiding handling sick or dead animals.
- Ensuring safe water sources when outdoors.
While the current cases remain probable, health authorities continue to monitor the situation closely. Further updates are expected as laboratory results become available.